When Kane was taken prisoner by slavers, one of their party, "Yussef the Hadji", recognized the staff. He claimed the staff was older than the world itself and held mighty magic. The cat-head was a representation of Bast, and the priests of Bast used the staff in ancient Egypt. The feline head which decorated the staff's top was itself carved out of a pre-existing decoration, though it's now impossible to say what manner of eldritch symbol (or creature) was originally effigiated on it. With the staff, Moses (known as Musa in Arabic) did wonders before the Pharaoh, and carried it with him when his people fled Egypt. For centuries it was the Scepter of Israel (mentioned in Numbers 24:17), and King Solomon used it to combat magicians and capture djinns. The staff may be related to Aaron's rod, Moses' rod or the Rod of Asclepius. Before this, when the world was young, Atlantean, pre-Adamite, priests in silent cities beneath the seas used the staff to fight evil, millions of years before mankind was born.